There are many types of refractory raw materials and various classification methods. According to the way the raw materials are produced, they can be divided into two categories: natural raw materials and synthetic raw materials. Natural mineral raw materials are still the main refractory raw materials. The various minerals that exist in nature are composed of various elements that make up these minerals. It has been proven that the total amount of oxygen, silicon, and aluminum accounts for about 90% of the total elements in the earth's crust. Oxide, silicate and alumina silicate minerals have obvious advantages, and they are natural refractories with huge reserves. raw material.
The main varieties of natural refractory raw materials are: silica, quartz, diatomite, waxstone, clay, bauxite, kyanite group mineral raw materials, magnesite, dolomite, limestone, forsterite, serpentine, talc , Chlorite, zircon, oblique zircon, perlite, chromite and natural graphite. Natural raw materials usually contain a lot of impurities, are unstable in composition, and fluctuate greatly. Only a few raw materials can be used directly, and most of them have to be purified, graded and even burned to meet the production requirements of refractory materials.
The types of natural mineral raw materials that can be used as refractory raw materials are limited, and they cannot meet the requirements for the production of high-quality and high-tech refractory materials that are specially required by modern industries. Synthetic refractory raw materials have developed rapidly in recent decades. These synthetic refractory raw materials can completely reach the chemical mineral composition and organizational structure designed by people in advance, and the quality is stable. They are the main raw materials of modern high-performance and high-tech refractory materials. The methods of synthesizing refractory raw materials are mainly sintering method and electric melting method. Commonly used synthetic refractory raw materials are: mullite, magnesia alumina spinel, zirconium mullite, cordierite, aluminum titanate, silicon carbide and so on. With the continuous expansion of the application of micropowder technology in the field of refractory materials, there are more and more methods for synthesizing micropowder, such as chemical co-precipitation, sol-gel method (sol-Gel method), spray thermal decomposition method, gas phase method, etc. .
According to the chemical composition of refractory raw materials, it can be divided into oxide raw materials and non-oxide raw materials. With the development of modern science and technology, certain organic compounds have become precursors or auxiliary materials for high-performance refractory raw materials.
According to chemical characteristics, refractory raw materials can be divided into acidic refractory raw materials, such as silica, zircon, etc.; neutral refractory raw materials, such as corundum, bauxite (acidic), mullite (acidic), chromite ( Partially alkaline), graphite, etc.; alkaline refractory materials, such as magnesia, dolomite sand, magnesia-calcium sand, etc.
According to its role in the production process of refractory materials, refractory raw materials can be divided into main raw materials and auxiliary raw materials. The main raw material is the main body of the refractory material. Auxiliary materials are divided into binders and additives. The role of the binder is to make the refractory body have sufficient strength during production and use. Commonly used are sulfite pulp waste liquid, asphalt, phenolic resin, alumina cement, water glass, phosphoric acid and phosphate, sulfate, etc. Some main raw materials themselves have the function of binding agent, such as binding clay; the role of additives is Improve the production or construction process of refractory materials, or strengthen certain properties of refractory materials, such as stabilizers, coagulants, water reducers, inhibitors, plasticizers, foaming agents, dispersants, expansion agents, antioxidants, etc.
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