It is predicted that the average annual consumption per ton of steel refractory in the next five years will decrease by about 0.5 to 1.0 kg. By 2005, the single consumption per ton of steel refractory in my country's iron and steel industry will drop to 28 kg. Calculated based on the output of 130 million tons of steel, in 2005, the market capacity of refractory materials for my country's iron and steel industry will drop from more than 4 million tons in the past two years to more than 3.6 million tons. In recent years, the world refractory industry has undergone major changes. On the one hand, due to the technological progress of the user industry, changes in processes and equipment (such as the increase in electric furnace steelmaking) and the improvement of refractory materials themselves, the consumption of refractory materials has decreased year by year; in the past 20 years, the average annual consumption of refractory materials per ton of steel has decreased by about 5 kg. On the other hand, the trend of globalization is obvious, and the fierce competition has made the varieties of refractories diversified, the performance and quality of the refractories have been significantly improved, and the service awareness and ability of refractory enterprises for users has been strengthened. Many small and medium-sized enterprises that lack competitiveness and have no modern enterprise management awareness have gone bankrupt, and mergers and acquisitions are surging.
In the future, the refractory raw materials will be mainly high-purity, and natural selection and artificial synthesis will be used together. The development and utilization of "three stone" raw materials, namely andalusite, sillimanite, and kyanite raw materials, can improve the microstructure and thermodynamic properties of aluminum-silicon refractories. Since the "three stones" are transformed into mullite at high temperature, and the expansion coefficient of mullite is small, it is beneficial to improve the thermal shock resistance of the material. Adding andalusite to the material can phase transform to form countless fine voids for thermal stress diffusion, so that the stress in the refractory material is released, thereby improving the thermal shock resistance. The temperature of sillimanite completely mullite is higher, which is beneficial to improve the creep resistance at high temperature. In addition, the volume expansion effect accompanying mulliteization is also beneficial to high temperature creep resistance. The development of high-quality synthetic refractory raw materials, the use of natural raw materials in developed countries is decreasing, while the amount of high-purity synthetic raw materials is increasing. The output of bricks, high alumina bricks and zircon bricks is decreasing.
Therefore, innovation, R&D, education, management and investment will be the keys to the vitality and success of the refractory industry in the future. For the Chinese refractory industry at present and in the next few years, it is a period of structural optimization, enterprise reorganization and variety structure adjustment. The strategy for China's refractory development should be based on China's abundant natural resources to develop high-performance synthetic raw materials and more high-performance, functional products to meet advanced high-temperature industrial development and requirements, with a focus on continuous casting and clean steel production. At the same time, attention should be paid to equipment and management to improve the stability and reliability of refractory raw materials and product quality.
The cost of producing refractory materials in developed countries is much higher than in developing countries. At the same time, due to stricter environmental protection requirements, they are forced to only produce high value-added products or export technologies, while transferring bulk and labor-intensive products to developing countries for production. Due to its unique advantages in raw materials and labor costs, China will undoubtedly have more opportunities. my country announced that from January 2004, the tax rebate will be abolished for most refractory raw material exports, and the export of finished products will also reduce the tax rebate rate. This means that the export of important raw materials is further restricted, which will have an important impact on the refractory industry of some developed countries that rely on the import of refractory raw materials and products from my country. In order to reduce costs, they are bound to move their factories to China, which will also be an important opportunity for the development of China's refractory industry. In addition, the convenience of communication and transportation, changes in the international market, and the increase in e-commerce have also brought good opportunities for the development of the refractory industry.
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