Introduction of commonly used glass melting furnace horizontal flame kiln and horseshoe flame kiln
The glass furnace is a kind of melting device that the glass manufacturing industry must have. According to the type of glass products and the scale of production, the glass melting furnace has a hyperactive form. The more common is the glass tank kiln, used to produce glass bottles, flat glass and so on. The daily output of large tank kilns can reach several hundred tons. But there are also small-scale crucible kilns dedicated to the production of optical glass and craft glass. Glass tank kilns can be divided into horizontal flame kilns and horseshoe flame kilns according to their combustion methods. The horizontal flame kiln is equipped with several pairs of small furnaces on both sides of the furnace wall along the flow direction of the glass liquid. The flame is ejected from the small furnace vent on one side and crosses the molten pool horizontally.
After passing through the nozzle of the small furnace on the opposite side, it is discharged into the regenerator, and it is repeatedly switched for heating. At present, the large-scale glass furnaces in my country are of this type. The horseshoe flame kiln has a pile of vents at the end of the molten pool (front wall), and the flame sprayed from one side of the vent passes through the molten pool longitudinally, returns from the end of the molten pool, and is discharged from the other vent into the heat storage The chamber changes direction at regular intervals. Because its flame runs in the shape of a horseshoe, it is called a horseshoe flame kiln. It is usually used in small and medium glass kilns.
The temperature of the molten pool of the glass melting furnace is as high as 1500℃, and the bottom and wall of the pool are subject to corrosion by the molten glass for a long time. In the heat storage chamber, due to the high temperature of the flue gas and more dust, the production conditions of the brick lattice are also very bad. Therefore, the refractory materials used in the glass melting furnace must not only be able to resist the severe corrosion at high temperature, but also Does not pollute the molten glass. In recent years, AZS (AL2O3-ZrO2-SiO2) series fused bricks have been used in important parts such as molten pools, and high-alumina bricks and alkaline bricks have been used as checker bricks in the regenerator to achieve significant results. In order to save money, glass kilns with thermal insulation structures are also increasing
Oxygen combustion technology is a technology with obvious energy saving and environmental protection effects. At present, only 3 large float glass melting furnaces have been completed and put into operation in the world. Oxygen combustion technology has been adopted, but the application of domestic float glass production lines is still blank. The furnace using the all-oxygen combustion technology no longer needs to change the fire, and does not have the regenerator structure in the air-assisted furnace. Oxygen combustion technology can greatly reduce energy consumption and exhaust gas emissions in the production process, and improve the quality of glass. Take a 500t/d float glass melting furnace as an example, and its emission reduction effects are shown in Table 4. At present, the attractiveness of this technology is increasing with the continuous reduction of oxygen cost and the continuous increase of energy cost. It is believed that this technology will be promoted and applied on domestic float glass production lines in the near future.
Utilize oxy-fuel glass melting furnace
Oxygen-fired furnaces have less exhaust gas than air-assisted furnaces, and the flue gas temperature is relatively high. It can be used to generate steam, preheat batch materials or cullet, thermal power generation, and prepare oxy-fuel combustion. Of oxygen or preheated oxygen and combustion gas. Judging from the results of a large number of laboratory studies that have been carried out so far, the energy-saving effect of using the high-temperature exhaust gas of the oxy-fuel kiln to directly preheat the batch is more obvious. The high-temperature exhaust gas of the oxy-fuel kiln can be used to preheat the batch to 510°C, and the oxy-combustion plus batch preheating can reduce energy consumption by 37% compared with the traditional air combustion process. Increasing energy costs make investment in this technology more and more valuable.
New melting and clarification technology
Theoretically, the temperature of molten glass formation is only 1450°C. Usually, the maximum melting temperature of the float glass furnace is 1580～1600°C, mainly for high-temperature clarification to eliminate bubbles in the molten glass. Through the use of reduced pressure clarification technology, the melting and clarification functions of the melting part of the traditional glass melting furnace are completely separated by the change of the furnace structure, that is, the melting and clarification functions of the glass are completely separated, which can reduce the melting temperature, save energy, and effectively eliminate Air bubbles improve the melting quality of molten glass. After adopting vacuum degassing, the number of microbubbles can be reduced to 0.2/kg molten glass; the melting and clarification temperature can be lowered by 150℃, so 30% of the fuel required for melting and clarification can be saved, and nitrogen oxidation can be reduced. The discharge of materials is conducive to environmental protection and prolongs the life of the furnace. Foreign research has made certain progress and achieved success in industrialization experiments. This is a forward-looking and very promising technology that will surely bring a major breakthrough in glass melting technology.
Bubbling combustion technology
The purpose of the research is to strengthen the circulation of the molten glass, while promoting the clarification and homogenization of the molten glass, without wasting energy. The solution to the problem is to inject combustible gas from the bottom of the melting furnace. This gas can stir the molten glass when it rises in the molten glass. When the gas reaches the surface of the molten glass, it reacts and burns with the remaining oxygen in the furnace under a high-temperature atmosphere. , The combustion heats the surface of the glass. That is, it plays a role of stirring and heating at the same time, which not only reduces energy consumption, but also shortens the heating time.
Convection melting technology
The glass is heated in the furnace, mainly by radiation, and partly by convection. In convection melting, one or several spray guns are installed on the top of the chute, and the flame reaches the surface of the melt vertically downwards. This convection mode can promote heat transfer and energy saving. This technology has been installed in several experimental furnaces, and it can also be used as an innovative way of melting furnaces. The method of convection melting can also be used when the furnace is reformed.
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